We have successfully exported the email folders from his Outlook express into.dbx files. We successfully converted the files using 'DbxConv' for PC, as well as 'Email Converter Pro' for Mac. However, when we tried to import these.mbox files through Outlook (Mac) the files weren't recognised (using either of the converter programs).
- Microsoft C# Express Download
- Microsoft Visual Studio Express Mac
- Microsoft C Express Mac Download
- Microsoft C# Express Edition
- Visual Studio Express Mac
- Microsoft C Express Mac Os
- Save on select Xbox consoles and games, Surface, PCs, movies, and more. Offers end April 13. Xbox Live Gold and over 100 high-quality console and PC games. Play together with friends and discover your next favorite game. Get expert tips on how to use Microsoft Teams—free to educators and students.
- Save on select Xbox consoles and games, Surface, PCs, movies, and more. Offers end April 13. Xbox Live Gold and over 100 high-quality console and PC games. Play together with friends and discover your next favorite game. Get expert tips on how to use Microsoft Teams—free to educators and students.
A desktop application in C++ is a native application that can access the full set of Windows APIs and either runs in a window or in the system console. Desktop applications in C++ can run on Windows XP through Windows 10 (although Windows XP is no longer officially supported and there are many Windows APIs that have been introduced since then).
A desktop application is distinct from a Universal Windows Platform (UWP) app, which can run on PCs running Windows 10, and also on XBox, Windows Phone, Surface Hub, and other devices. For more information about desktop vs. UWP applications, see Choose your technology.
Desktop Bridge
In Windows 10 you can package your existing desktop application or COM object as a UWP app and add UWP features such as touch, or call APIs from the modern Windows API set. You can also add a UWP app to a desktop solution in Visual Studio, and package them together in a single package and use Windows APIs to communicate between them.
In Visual Studio 2017 version 15.4 and later, you can create a Windows Application Package Project to greatly simplify the work of packaging your existing desktop application. A few restrictions apply with respect to what registry calls or APIs your desktop application uses, but in many cases you can create alternate code paths to achieve similar functionality while running in an app package. For more information, see Desktop Bridge.
Terminology
-
A Win32 application is a Windows desktop application in C++ that can make use of native Windows C APIs and/or COM APIs CRT and Standard Library APIs, and 3rd party libraries. A Win32 application that runs in a window requires the developer to work explicitly with Windows messages inside a Windows procedure function. Despite the name, a Win32 application can be compiled as a 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) binary. In the Visual Studio IDE, the terms x86 and Win32 are synonymous.
-
The Component Object Model (COM) is a specification that enables programs written in different languages to communicate with one another. Many Windows components are implemented as COM objects and follow standard COM rules for object creation, interface discovery and object destruction. Using COM objects from C++ desktop applications is relatively straightforward, but writing your own COM object is more advanced. The Active Template Library (ATL) provides macros and helper functions that simplify COM development.
-
An MFC application is a Windows desktop application that use the Microsoft Foundation Classes to create the user interface. An MFC application can also use COM components as well as CRT and Standard Library APIs. MFC provides a thin C++ object-oriented wrapper over the window message loop and Windows APIs. MFC is the default choice for applications—especially enterprise-type applications—that have lots of user interface controls or custom user controls. MFC provides convenient helper classes for window management, serialization, text manipulation, printing, and modern user interface elements such as the ribbon. To be effective with MFC you should be familiar with Win32.
-
A C++/CLI application or component uses extensions to C++ syntax (as allowed by the C++ Standard) to enable interaction between .NET and native C++code. A C++/CLI application can have parts that run natively and parts that run on the .NET Framework with access to the .NET Base Class Library. C++/CLI is the preferred option when you have native C++ code that needs to work with code written in C# or Visual Basic. It is intended for use in .NET DLLs rather than in user interface code. For more information, see .NET Programming with C++/CLI (Visual C++).
Any desktop application in C++ can use C Runtime (CRT) and Standard Library classes and functions, COM objects, and the public Windows functions, which collectively are known as the Windows API. For an introduction to Windows desktop applications in C++, see Get Started with Win32 and C++.
In this section
Title | Description |
---|---|
Windows Console Applications in C++ | Contains information about console apps. A Win32 (or Win64) console application has no window of its own and no message loop. It runs in the console window, and input and output are handled through the command line. |
Walkthrough: Creating Windows Desktop Applications (C++) | Create a simple Windows desktop application. |
Creating an Empty Windows Desktop Application | How to create a Windows desktop project that has no default files. |
Adding Files to an Empty Win32 Applications | How to add files to an empty project. |
Working with Resource Files | How to add images, icons, string tables, and other resources to a desktop application. |
Resources for Creating a Game Using DirectX (C++) | Links to content for creating games in C++. |
Walkthrough: Creating and Using a Static Library | How to create a .lib binary file. |
How to: Use the Windows 10 SDK in a Windows Desktop Application | Contains steps for setting up your project to build using the Windows 10 SDK. |
Related Articles
Title | Description |
---|---|
Windows Development | Contains information about the Windows API and COM. (Some Windows APIs and third-party DLLs are implemented as COM objects.) |
Hilo: Developing C++ Applications for Windows 7 | Describes how to create a rich-client Windows desktop application that uses Windows Animation and Direct2D to create a carousel-based user interface. This tutorial has not been updated since Windows 7 but it still provides a thorough introduction to Win32 programming. |
Overview of Windows Programming in C++ | Describes key features of Windows desktop programming in C++. |
See also
-->
This article helps you verify and troubleshoot ExpressRoute connectivity. ExpressRoute extends an on-premises network into the Microsoft cloud over a private connection that is commonly facilitated by a connectivity provider. ExpressRoute connectivity traditionally involves three distinct network zones, as follows:
- Customer Network
- Provider Network
- Microsoft Datacenter
Note
In the ExpressRoute direct connectivity model (offered at 10/100 Gbps bandwidth), customers can directly connect to Microsoft Enterprise Edge (MSEE) routers' port. Therefore, in the direct connectivity model, there are only customer and Microsoft network zones.
The purpose of this document is to help user to identify if and where a connectivity issue exists. Thereby, to help seek support from the appropriate team to resolve an issue. If Microsoft support is needed to resolve an issue, open a support ticket with Microsoft Support.
Important
This document is intended to help diagnosing and fixing simple issues. It is not intended to be a replacement for Microsoft support. Open a support ticket with Microsoft Support if you are unable to solve the problem using the guidance provided.
Overview
The following diagram shows the logical connectivity of a customer network to Microsoft network using ExpressRoute.
In the preceding diagram, the numbers indicate key network points. These network points are referenced in this article at times by their associated number. Depending on the ExpressRoute connectivity model--Cloud Exchange Co-location, Point-to-Point Ethernet Connection, or Any-to-any (IPVPN)--the network points 3 and 4 may be switches (Layer 2 devices) or routers (Layer 3 devices). In the direct connectivity model, there are no network points 3 and 4; instead CEs (2) are directly connected to MSEEs via dark fiber. The key network points illustrated are as follows:
- Customer compute device (for example, a server or PC)
- CEs: Customer edge routers
- PEs (CE facing): Provider edge routers/switches that are facing customer edge routers. Referred to as PE-CEs in this document.
- PEs (MSEE facing): Provider edge routers/switches that are facing MSEEs. Referred to as PE-MSEEs in this document.
- MSEEs: Microsoft Enterprise Edge (MSEE) ExpressRoute routers
- Virtual Network (VNet) Gateway
- Compute device on the Azure VNet
If the Cloud Exchange Co-location, Point-to-Point Ethernet, or direct connectivity models are used, CEs (2) establish BGP peering with MSEEs (5).
If the Any-to-any (IPVPN) connectivity model is used, PE-MSEEs (4) establish BGP peering with MSEEs (5). PE-MSEEs propagate the routes received from Microsoft back to the customer network via the IPVPN service provider network.
Note
For high availability, Microsoft establishes a fully redundant parallel connectivity between MSEEs (5) and PE-MSEEs (4) pairs. A fully redundant parallel network path is also encouraged between customer network and PE-CEs pair. For more information regarding high availability, see the article Designing for high availability with ExpressRoute
The following are the logical steps, in troubleshooting ExpressRoute circuit:
Verify circuit provisioning and state
Provisioning an ExpressRoute circuit establishes a redundant Layer 2 connections between CEs/PE-MSEEs (2)/(4) and MSEEs (5). For more information on how to create, modify, provision, and verify an ExpressRoute circuit, see the article Create and modify an ExpressRoute circuit.
Tip
A service key uniquely identifies an ExpressRoute circuit. Should you need assistance from Microsoft or from an ExpressRoute partner to troubleshoot an ExpressRoute issue, provide the service key to readily identify the circuit.
Verification via the Azure portal
In the Azure portal, open the ExpressRoute circuit blade. In the section of the blade, the ExpressRoute essentials are listed as shown in the following screenshot:
In the ExpressRoute Essentials, Circuit status indicates the status of the circuit on the Microsoft side. Provider status indicates if the circuit has been Provisioned/Not provisioned on the service-provider side.
For an ExpressRoute circuit to be operational, the Circuit status must be Enabled and the Provider status must be Provisioned.
Microsoft C# Express Download
Note
Microsoft Visual Studio Express Mac
After configuring an ExpressRoute circuit, if the Circuit status is struck in not enabled status, contact Microsoft Support. On the other hand, if the Provider status is struck in not provisioned status, contact your service provider.
Verification via PowerShell
To list all the ExpressRoute circuits in a Resource Group, use the following command:
Tip
If you are looking for the name of a resource group, you can get it by listing all the resource groups in your subscription, using the command Get-AzResourceGroup
To select a particular ExpressRoute circuit in a Resource Group, use the following command:
A sample response is:
To confirm if an ExpressRoute circuit is operational, pay particular attention to the following fields:
Note
After configuring an ExpressRoute circuit, if the Circuit status is struck in not enabled status, contact Microsoft Support. On the other hand, if the Provider status is struck in not provisioned status, contact your service provider.
Validate Peering Configuration
After the service provider has completed the provisioning the ExpressRoute circuit, multiple eBGP based routing configurations can be created over the ExpressRoute circuit between CEs/MSEE-PEs (2)/(4) and MSEEs (5). Each ExpressRoute circuit can have: Azure private peering (traffic to private virtual networks in Azure), and/or Microsoft peering (traffic to public endpoints of PaaS and SaaS). For more information on how to create and modify routing configuration, see the article Create and modify routing for an ExpressRoute circuit.
Verification via the Azure portal
Note
In IPVPN connectivity model, service providers handle the responsibility of configuring the peerings (layer 3 services). In such a model, after the service provider has configured a peering and if the peering is blank in the portal, try refreshing the circuit configuration using the refresh button on the portal. This operation will pull the current routing configuration from your circuit.
In the Azure portal, status of an ExpressRoute circuit peering can be checked under the ExpressRoute circuit blade. In the section of the blade, the ExpressRoute peerings would be listed as shown in the following screenshot:
In the preceding example, as noted Azure private peering is provisioned, whereas Azure public and Microsoft peerings are not provisioned. A successfully provisioned peering context would also have the primary and secondary point-to-point subnets listed. The /30 subnets are used for the interface IP address of the MSEEs and CEs/PE-MSEEs. For the peerings that are provisioned, the listing also indicates who last modified the configuration.
Note
If enabling a peering fails, check if the primary and secondary subnets assigned match the configuration on the linked CE/PE-MSEE. Also check if the correct VlanId, AzureASN, and PeerASN are used on MSEEs and if these values maps to the ones used on the linked CE/PE-MSEE. If MD5 hashing is chosen, the shared key should be same on MSEE and PE-MSEE/CE pair. Previously configured shared key would not be displayed for security reasons. Should you need to change any of these configuration on an MSEE router, refer to Create and modify routing for an ExpressRoute circuit.
Note
On a /30 subnet assigned for interface, Microsoft will pick the second usable IP address of the subnet for the MSEE interface. Therefore, ensure that the first usable IP address of the subnet has been assigned on the peered CE/PE-MSEE.
Verification via PowerShell
Microsoft C Express Mac Download
To get the Azure private peering configuration details, use the following commands:
A sample response, for a successfully configured private peering, is:
A successfully enabled peering context would have the primary and secondary address prefixes listed. The /30 subnets are used for the interface IP address of the MSEEs and CEs/PE-MSEEs.
To get the Azure public peering configuration details, use the following commands:
To get the Microsoft peering configuration details, use the following commands:
If a peering is not configured, there would be an error message. A sample response, when the stated peering (Azure Public peering in this example) is not configured within the circuit:
Note
If enabling a peering fails, check if the primary and secondary subnets assigned match the configuration on the linked CE/PE-MSEE. Also check if the correct VlanId, AzureASN, and PeerASN are used on MSEEs and if these values maps to the ones used on the linked CE/PE-MSEE. If MD5 hashing is chosen, the shared key should be same on MSEE and PE-MSEE/CE pair. Previously configured shared key would not be displayed for security reasons. Should you need to change any of these configuration on an MSEE router, refer to Create and modify routing for an ExpressRoute circuit.
Note
On a /30 subnet assigned for interface, Microsoft will pick the second usable IP address of the subnet for the MSEE interface. Therefore, ensure that the first usable IP address of the subnet has been assigned on the peered CE/PE-MSEE.
Validate ARP
The ARP table provides a mapping of the IP address and MAC address for a particular peering. The ARP table for an ExpressRoute circuit peering provides the following information for each interface (primary and secondary):
- Mapping of on-premises router interface ip address to the MAC address
- Mapping of ExpressRoute router interface ip address to the MAC address
- Age of the mappingARP tables can help validate layer 2 configuration and troubleshooting basic layer 2 connectivity issues.
Microsoft C# Express Edition
See Getting ARP tables in the Resource Manager deployment model document, for how to view the ARP table of an ExpressRoute peering, and for how to use the information to troubleshoot layer 2 connectivity issue.
![Express Express](/uploads/1/2/6/4/126465820/942115249.jpg)
Validate BGP and routes on the MSEE
To get the routing table from MSEE on the Primary path for the Private routing context, use the following command:
An example response is:
Note
If the state of a eBGP peering between an MSEE and a CE/PE-MSEE is in Active or Idle, check if the primary and secondary peer subnets assigned match the configuration on the linked CE/PE-MSEE. Also check if the correct VlanId, AzureAsn, and PeerAsn are used on MSEEs and if these values maps to the ones used on the linked PE-MSEE/CE. If MD5 hashing is chosen, the shared key should be same on MSEE and CE/PE-MSEE pair. Should you need to change any of these configuration on an MSEE router, refer to Create and modify routing for an ExpressRoute circuit.
Note
If certain destinations are not reachable over a peering, check the route table of the MSEEs for the corresponding peering context. If a matching prefix (could be NATed IP) is present in the routing table, then check if there are firewalls/NSG/ACLs on the path that are blocking the traffic.
Visual Studio Express Mac
The following example shows the response of the command for a peering that does not exist:
Confirm the traffic flow
To get the combined primary and secondary path traffic statistics--bytes in and out--of a peering context, use the following command:
Microsoft C Express Mac Os
A sample output of the command is:
A sample output of the command for a non-existent peering is:
Next Steps
For more information or help, check out the following links: